Hash Function
A hash function is a mathematical function that takes in an input (or 'key') and returns a fixed-size string of characters, which is typically a unique representation of the input. In data science and artificial intelligence, hash functions are commonly used for data indexing, data retrieval, and data comparison. Hash functions are also used for data encryption and security purposes. A good hash function should have the following properties: it should be deterministic, meaning that the same input will always produce the same output; it should be efficient, meaning that it should be computationally inexpensive to compute the hash value; and it should have a low probability of hash collisions, meaning that different inputs should not produce the same hash value.
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