Arithmetic Coding
Arithmetic coding is a lossless data compression technique that encodes a message by creating a fractional representation of the message. It is a variable-length coding technique that compresses data by replacing a fixed-length code with a code whose length varies according to the frequency of occurrence of the data. Arithmetic coding is used in data compression applications where the goal is to reduce the size of the data without losing any information. It is widely used in image and video compression, as well as in speech and audio compression. The technique is based on the idea of dividing the input message into smaller sub-messages and encoding each sub-message separately. The encoding process involves assigning a range of values to each sub-message, and then representing the sub-message as a fraction within that range. The final encoded message is the concatenation of all the sub-message fractions.
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